Scientists at Kyoto University have unveiled a unique material — lab-grown wood that is stronger per unit mass than steel and five times lighter. The innovative material is already being considered as a potential replacement for metals and concrete in construction, transportation, aviation and even space projects.
The material is based on cellulose nanofibers (CNF) extracted from plant biomass such as straw, sawdust and agricultural waste. The fibers are processed at the nanoscale, densified and bonded with a natural lignin-based resin under high pressure, creating a monolithic block with high density, heat resistance and water resistance.
The new material is not plywood, composite or particle board. It is closer to biological carbon fiber, has a homogeneous structure, resistant to deformation, temperature changes and mechanical loads. Experimental samples have shown a tensile strength exceeding mild steel, with a mass 80% less than metal.
An important advantage is machinability: the material can be sawn, milled, drilled, laser cut, and even 3D printed without losing its mechanical properties.
The first test beds for CNF wood were Japanese architectural offices and research laboratories. Developments are underway for earthquake-resistant buildings, lightweight bridges and housing modules. The material also absorbs vibrations and noise, which is especially important in densely populated cities.
In the automotive industry, CNF is used in engines: engine compartment covers have shown a 25% weight reduction and increased thermal stability, which has allowed for up to 11% fuel savings and reduced CO₂ emissions.
Japanese scientists, together with JAXA, have created the world's first wooden satellite, LignoSat, which burns up in the atmosphere without leaving any metal debris, solving the problem of space pollution.
Grown wood is made from agricultural waste, does not require the extraction of ores or chemically hazardous resins. During production, the material absorbs carbon dioxide, is biodegradable and safe for nature.
The Japanese government has already launched a multi-billion-yen program to replace steel and concrete in public infrastructure. It plans to use CNF wood in the construction of railways, bridges, modular housing and other facilities, making the infrastructure lighter, quieter and more environmentally friendly.
