Evolution is usually perceived as a slow process, but the example of dogs living on the territory of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant demonstrates how quickly changes can occur in extreme environments. 40 years after the disaster, scientists have discovered significant genetic differences in these animals that separate them from other dog populations around the world.
Genetic difference of Chernobyl dogs
A study based on blood samples from dogs has revealed unique genetic features in those living closer to the reactor. According to Elaine Ostrander, a geneticist from the US National Institutes of Health, the identification of these dogs became possible only by their DNA profile.
It is still unclear how these genetic changes affect the health of the animals, but they indicate an active adaptation to the radiation environment.
In addition to dogs, adaptation is demonstrated by other species. For example:
- Wolves in Chernobyl, according to research, developed genetic protection against cancer.
- Tree frogs in the area are darker in color, which probably provides a higher level of melanin to protect against radiation.
- Water fleas from lakes in the exclusion zone showed higher genetic diversity in locations with higher radiation levels.
Possible reasons for rapid evolution
Scientists believe that radiation can affect genetic changes in several ways:
- Mutations. Radiation can cause genetic mutations that are passed on to the next generation.
- Natural selection. Animals that are less adapted to radiation gradually die out, leaving populations that are able to survive.
Despite significant progress in research, genetic changes in animals from the Chernobyl zone remain largely mysterious. This opens up a huge field for further research to help understand how extreme conditions can affect evolutionary processes.
The Chernobyl case is a unique laboratory for the study of adaptation and evolution, which may have practical implications for climate change science, genetics, and even medicine.
