Vitamin B12 is one of the most important trace elements, on which the normal functioning of both the body and the brain depends. Its deficiency often develops imperceptibly, but over time it can lead to serious disruptions in the body's functioning. Doctors have named four key symptoms that may indicate a deficiency of this substance.
1. Sore tongue
One of the first signs of B12 deficiency is changes in the tongue. A deficiency can cause a condition known as glossitis. The tongue becomes red, swollen, painful, and “smooth” due to the loss of taste buds. Tongue lesions are an early marker of metabolic abnormalities that accompany B12 deficiency.
2. Tingling in the extremities
This vitamin plays a key role in the production of myelin, a substance that forms a protective sheath around nerves. Without it, the transmission of impulses in the nervous system is disrupted, which manifests itself in the form of tingling, numbness, or burning, most often in the hands and feet.
3. Vision impairment
Insufficient levels of B12 can also affect the optic nerve, leading to vision impairment. A person may experience blurred vision or partial loss of visual acuity, especially with chronic deficiency.
4. Constant fatigue and weakness
B12 is involved in the production of red blood cells, which are responsible for delivering oxygen to tissues. If the vitamin is deficient, the number of red blood cells decreases and the cells do not receive enough oxygen. The result is general weakness, lethargy and decreased energy, even without physical exertion.
How to fill a B12 deficiency
Most vitamin B12 is found in animal products — meat, fish, eggs, poultry, and dairy products. It is almost absent in plant foods, but some foods can be fortified with B12 — for example, certain types of bread or plant-based milk. For vegetarians and vegans, doctors recommend taking the vitamin in the form of supplements.
If you notice the symptoms described in yourself, you should see a doctor and get your B12 level tested. Early diagnosis will help avoid serious complications.
