Popular substances that are actively promoted as anti-aging agents are coming under closer scrutiny from scientists. A new study has shown that some of them may not only support cellular processes, but also create favorable conditions for the growth of cancer cells.
These are polyamines, naturally occurring compounds found in all living cells that play a key role in growth, cell division, and protein synthesis. Of particular interest among these is spermidine, which has previously been linked to potential longevity and improved bodily functions. That's why it's often found in over-the-counter supplements.
However, new data obtained by researchers from Japan indicate a more complex effect of these compounds on the body. In laboratory conditions, scientists studied cervical and breast cancer cells, focusing on the work of two proteins - eIF5A1 and eIF5A2. Despite their similar structure, they perform different functions: the first supports normal cell activity, while the second is associated with the development of tumors.
Polyamines were found to increase levels of a protein called eIF5A2, which helps cancer cells switch to aerobic glycolysis, a metabolic process that allows tumors to grow faster. At the same time, they also decreased levels of molecules that normally inhibit this mechanism.
The key finding was that removing polyamines or blocking eIF5A2 significantly slowed the growth of cancer cells. At the same time, reintroducing spermidine reactivated their proliferation.
At the same time, scientists warn against hasty conclusions. The results do not prove that polyamines directly cause cancer. They probably only enhance existing oncological processes, creating more favorable conditions for tumors.
Nevertheless, the discovery could have important medical implications. Studying the mechanisms involved in the eIF5A2 protein and related regulatory molecules could help create new treatments aimed at blocking tumor growth.
The study has so far only been conducted in cell cultures, so its results need further validation in living organisms. However, it is already forcing us to take a fresh look at popular supplements and is a reminder that even promising anti-aging solutions can have unexpected consequences.
