Skin cancer is one of the most common oncological pathologies in the world. But it is also the most preventable. According to WHO, more than 3 million new cases are recorded every year. However, if the disease is detected at an early stage, the probability of complete recovery exceeds 95%.
The most aggressive type is melanoma. It arises from melanocytes, the cells responsible for skin pigmentation. Melanoma progresses rapidly and metastasizes quickly, so delaying a visit to the doctor can cost your life.
Who is at risk?
Doctors identify several groups of people who have an increased likelihood of developing melanoma:
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people with fair skin, red or blond hair;
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those who have a large number of moles or atypical nevi;
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tanning bed enthusiasts or those who are often in direct sunlight;
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people with a family history of melanoma or other cancers.
ABCDE: Five signs you can't ignore
Oncodermatologists advise to focus on the ABCDE rule, which allows you to independently suspect a dangerous mole:
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A (Asymmetry) — asymmetry: one half of the mole is not like the other;
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B (Border) — fuzzy, blurred or torn edges;
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C (Color) — non-uniform color (a combination of black, brown, and red shades);
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D (Diameter) — size greater than 6 mm;
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E (Evolving) — changes in the form of growth, darkening, itching, or bleeding.
How to reduce risk
The simplest measures can significantly reduce the likelihood of developing melanoma:
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avoid sun exposure between 10:00 and 16:00;
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use sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30, even on cloudy days;
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wear long-sleeved clothing, hats, and sunglasses;
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Get checked by a dermatologist at least once a year, especially if you have many moles.
Remember: skin cancer is not a death sentence. But only timely diagnosis and regular self-examination can guarantee the preservation of life. Do not postpone the examination - especially in the summer, when the skin is most exposed to ultraviolet radiation.
