A new scientific study has found a potential link between common household chemicals and damage to brain cells responsible for the formation of myelin, the protective sheath around nerve fibers, earth.com reports.
The work was carried out by scientists from Case Western Reserve School of Medicine. They examined more than 1,800 chemicals that can be found in everyday life. According to the results of the screening, 292 compounds were found to be toxic to oligodendrocytes - cells that form myelin. It is their dysfunction that is associated with the development of neurological diseases, in particular multiple sclerosis.
The greatest danger, according to the study, is posed by two classes of substances: quaternary ammonium compounds and organophosphorus flame retardants.
Quaternary ammonium compounds are widely used in disinfectant sprays, wipes, surface cleaners, mouthwashes, hair conditioners, and fabric softeners. Organophosphorus flame retardants are added to furniture, textiles, and electronics to improve fire safety.
Laboratory experiments on cell cultures, human brain organoids, and mouse brain development models showed different mechanisms of action. Quaternary ammonium compounds caused cell death, while organophosphorus flame retardants disrupted cell maturation and the process of producing functional myelin. The researchers note that oligodendrocytes were particularly sensitive to these substances.
The researchers paid particular attention to the effects on children. Because oligodendrocyte development continues from birth to adulthood, children's brains are at risk for longer. An analysis of national studies in the United States showed the presence of flame retardant metabolites in 100% of children tested, and higher levels of exposure correlated with greater learning difficulties.
The COVID-19 pandemic may have exacerbated the problem through widespread use of disinfectants. According to some reports, the level of quaternary ammonium compounds in human blood has increased significantly. Researchers note that these substances can penetrate the blood-brain and placental barriers. At the same time, laboratory concentrations that caused cell damage are within the predicted levels in the blood of children.
Scientists are also paying attention to indoor air quality. Chemical compounds from cleaning products and interior items can accumulate in dust and gradually be released over a long period of time.
Researchers emphasize that long-term follow-up is needed to assess the impact of chronic low-level exposure on the development of neurological disorders. Regulators emphasize the importance of further research to determine safe exposure thresholds and possible health effects.
Experts advise reducing risks at home: choose products without quaternary ammonium compounds, prefer alternative cleaning methods, regularly ventilate the room, carry out wet cleaning of surfaces, and pay attention to furniture labeling regarding the presence or absence of flame retardants.
The study highlights that the development of neurological diseases is influenced not only by genetic factors, but also by environmental factors. The results may provide a basis for revising safety standards for household chemicals and interior materials.
